Model for penetration of shaped charges in protective coverings

Under contract with the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters, the Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, has performed several tests during the years where materials and combinations of materials were exposed to shaped charge warheads. The overall objective has been to develop a simple model for penetration of shaped charge warheads in protective coverings of buried fortifications or installations used in Out-of-Area missions. A preliminary proposal of a simple model for penetration of shaped charge warheads in materials and layered coverings were presented in FOI-R--0711--SE. The earlier proposed models have been further developed by adding more results from tests performed during 2003, 2004 and 2005. In this report a final suggestion of models for penetration of shaped charge warheads in single layers of sand, gravel, shingle, normal strength concrete, high strength concrete and layered coverings will be presented. Finally, proposals are made for further studies within this area, where among other things work should be done with the purpose to study secondary effects (pressure, temperature, debris) in a closed space of penetrating shaped charge warheads.