CEREX Progress report July - December 2010. "Detection of Explosives Particles by Imaging Raman Spectroscopy"

Authors:

  • Markus Nordberg
  • Madeleine Åkeson
  • Anders Elfving
  • Ida Johansson
  • Henric Östmark

Publish date: 2010-12-31

Report number: FOI-R--3137--SE

Pages: 21

Written in: English

Keywords:

  • Raman spectroscopy
  • imaging
  • particles
  • explosives
  • AN
  • TNT
  • DNT
  • RDX
  • PETN
  • COMP-B
  • picosecond

Abstract

When searching for various explosive threats, safe stand-off detection methods would yield great advantage, since both the operator and equipment could be able to escape severe injury or damaged if the explosive detonates. FOI has in several projects examined Raman Spectroscopy as a method for stand-off detection of explosives. The method has been evaluated for bulk- [1-3], vapor- [4] and particle-detection [5]. In many cases, the explosive component in an explosive device can be hidden inside a container, making it very difficult to get optical access in order to identify the explosive. However, when manufacturing explosives devices, explosive residues in form of small particles will easily stick and leave traces on the outside the container. Hyper spectral imaging Raman spectroscopy is a technique capable of detecting very small amounts of explosives [6] at stand-off distances. The hyper spectral imaging Raman system uses a tunable filter and an intensified CCD-camera to acquire both spectral and spatial information of the target surface. The signal to background can in this way be increased drastically and therefore much smaller particles can be found than in conventional Raman spectroscopy. This progress report presents the continuing development of a demonstrator for detection of explosive particles at stand-off distances, by using hyper spectral imaging Raman spectroscopy. The previous report from this project [6] describes an earlier version of the demonstrator. It was used at a demonstration in France in late May and early June and has been used to detect and identify explosive particles in fingerprints at a distance of 12 m. The new demonstrator described in this report is an upgrade of the old one, with a new pulsed high repetition rate laser. This laser and power supply is much smaller than the old laser, which have made the new demonstrator much smaller in size. The demonstrator is capable of detecting and identifying very small amounts of 2,4-dinitrotuolene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoulene and ammonium nitrate particles. Apart from the demonstrator a test bed has been build. It is equipped with three lasers with different properties (picosecond, nanosecond and high repetition rate) in order to investigate how the signal-to-noise ratio differs between the different types of laser, using a nanosecond gated ICCD-camera. The measurements show promising results, with the picosecond laser giving the highest signal-to-noise ratio. These measurements will be completed next year with an ICCD-camera with much shorter gate width. In the previously report [6] it was shown that it is possible to detect and identify explosive substances with a 355 nm UV-laser inside a car with the windows closed. Gooch and Housego, that manufacture acousto optical tunable filters, will during the spring 2011 deliver to us a tunable filter made for UV-wavelengths, this makes it possible for us to combine the advantages of the UV-laser (invisible and eye safe) with a compact hyper spectral imaging system.