Technical assessment of air defense systems agains small RPAs

In order to perform accurate assessment of sensor systems with simulation based methods, high-quality simulations are required. The task for the project "Assessment of intelligent sensor systems" is to develop a modular sensor simulation program that can simulate intelligent sensor systems in various environments, weather conditions and time periods. This report describes the status of work on simulation of radar sensors on a selfpropelled anti-aircraft weapon. The project is studying a scenario with RPA reconnaissance against a hostile stationary activity that is protected by hostile self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons. The self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon in the scenario are 2S6M1 Tunguska and to be able to simulate its target acquisition radar a radar model, an RPA model and a clutter model were developed. The radar model describes how the radar is constructed. The RPA model describes the remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) radar cross section (RCS), flight path, altitude and velocity. The clutter model describes the characteristics of the reflected clutter signal from the clutter sources and how the reflected clutter signal is perceived by the radar. To calculate the signal-to-clutter-plus-noise ratio the well-known radar equation is used. The 2S6M1 Tunguska target acquisition radar models were implemented in the NetScene simulation tool. Measurements on various RPAs and clutter was carried out to verify and validate the simulation models implemented. Measurements were made on some flying RPAs, which are used to verify the radar system's ability to detect and track the RPA. An assessment of the ability of the self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon to detect small RPAs was carried out and, for example, shows how the probability of an RPA being followed and being shot down as a function of time in the mission.