Development of international norms on autonomous weapon systems
Publish date: 2024-04-12
Report number: FOI-R--5551--SE
Pages: 63
Written in: Swedish
Keywords:
- autonomous weapons systems
- autonomy
- development of international law
- legal development
- international humanitarian law
- international human rights law
- LAWS
- CCW
- GGE LAWS
Abstract
2023 marked ten years of inter-States discussions on whether new international law particularly focused on autonomous weapon systems is needed or whether existing internatonal law is sufficient. The discussions have not yet resulted in any new rules of international law. However, the pressure to develop new rules has increased. Now, both the UN General Assembly and the CCW GGE LAWS deal with this question, where the GGE LAWS has a mandate to formulate elements of an instrument of undetermined status. There is a risk of parallell processes, which may lead to fragmentation or lacking global acceptance. The report of the CCW GGE LAWS 2023, the UNGA resolution, and political declarations clarify that international humanitarian law and other applicable international law apply fully to autonomous weapons systems. Hence, they confirm that existing international law regulates both existing and future autonomous weapons systems. The EU adopted regulation (EU) 2023/1525 of 20 July 2023 on supporting ammunition production, which establish temporary financial support measures to strengthen the defence industry. The regulation contains a limitation for production of deadly autonomous weapon systems without the possibility of meaningful human control over selection and engagement decisions when carrying out strikes against humans.