NATO:s air campaign Operation Allied Force 1999 against Yugoslavia was the first extensive air campaign in Europe after the Second World War. It included strategic bombing of targets in Yougoslavia as well as military targets in the province of Kosovo and Metohija. When the air campaign started NATO:s political leadership only approved few targets in their ambition to avoid collateral damage. Later on more targets were included to the list of approved targets. This led to a gradual escalation of the air campaign, which was later criticised by those responsible for the operational planning of the air campaign. A gradual escalation is not part of the principles in the air doctrines. The actual targets that were attacked during Allied Force are representative for a strategic air campaign according to doctrines and air power theories, but the execution differs from what is suggested. This indicates that the direct effects of a strategic bombing are well described by the experiences from Allied Force. However, due to the gradual escalation, the indirect effects are probably underestimated and would have been greater had the principles laid out in doctrines been followed.