The main purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the situation in the Russian civil nuclear energy industry in 2010 and the plans for the future up to 2030. This includes both the development of nuclear power plants at home and abroad and the Russian management of the nuclear fuel. Beside this descriptive purpose, the central issues that the study investigates are: ? What role does nuclear power play in domestic and foreign demand on Russia's energy resources? ? What are the resource constraints on the development of Russia's energy sector in general and of the nuclear energy sector specifically? ? Are the present expansion plans realistic and is Russia on the way to becoming a 'nuclear energy superpower'? ? What are the security implications of more nuclear power in Russia? The results of the study are that nuclear power will play an increasing role in domestic electricity generation which will enable Russia increasingly to replace gas, which can be exported, with nuclear power at home. Russia is already a strong player in the nuclear export markets where it is constructing or negotiating contracts for about 20 reactors in competition with Western companies. Russia has almost half of the world's uranium enrichment facilities and is able to provide clients with nuclear fuel made from natural uranium, weapons-grade uranium, or spent fuel. Russia controls the fuel cycle of the nuclear plants that it exports, that is, it provides the fuel and repatriates it. In addition, the Russian state nuclear corporation Rosatom is buying stakes in uranium mines all over the world, which indicates that Russia intends to be a strong provider of the fuel for nuclear energy also in the future. The timetable of the present expansion plans is probably over-optimistic, but capacity problems and manning problems in the nuclear industry will most likely be overcome during the next decade.