Vulnerability and survivability models of personnel

This literature review has studied existing models for lethality and vulnerability assessment of personnel by conventional weapons effects. Primarily a number of V/S/L-models (Vulnerability, survivability and lethality), which calculates the likelihood of hit and incapacitation based on statistical methods of Monte Carlo-type and input from areas such as ballistics, penetration mechanics and vulnerability analysis. The V/S/L-models included were AVAL, ComputerMan, SLAMS, MIC and VeMo-S. The literature review also included vulnerability criteria based on energy and velocity for both penetration violence and blunt impacts. The aim of the study was partly to review existing models and partly to find background data for further development of a more detailed human body model to be used within the AVAL program or separately. Areas of interest for further study are new and organ specific vulnerability criteria and a more detailed anatomy.