Sensors for detection of IED. Progress report 2014
Publish date: 2015-04-02
Report number: FOI-R--4023--SE
Pages: 40
Written in: Swedish
Keywords:
- IED
- sensors
- EO sensors
- GPR
- explosives
- Raman detection
Abstract
The report outlines activities in 2014 in the project Sensors for the detection of IEDs. The project is divided into a number of subtasks, where we test different approaches and solutions within the framework of C-IED. Activities have been conducted on large width, some were shorter limited studies to provide a basis for further work. Several measurement campaigns have been conducted to provide data for work on sensor fusion. Hyperspectral technology has proven to be an effective technique for analyzing materials at a distance. It is useful to be able to limit the number of spectral channels and represent these with as little data as possible, i.e., compress data without losing discriminatory ability. Objects can be detected both by the anomaly detection in homogeneous background, and by using a reference signal obtained from previous measurements. Terrorists who use IEDs are expected to observe and document the effects of the attacks may have, e.g., with binoculars and video cameras. Measurements have been conducted to investigate whether it is possible to use optical retroreflection to detect a pair of binoculars or a video camera that is directed towards the area where an IED is placed. Camcorders (consumer type) and ordinary digital still cameras should be detectable, at least if they have optics with large focal length. Additional spectral measurements on pure quartz sand of various grain sizes has been made to study differences in the reststrahlen band (about 8-9µm). A clear difference in reflectance can be seen between different grain sizes, which supports the theory of possibility to use this for the detection of disturbed soil. A field trial was conducted with EO sensors in different wavelength bands and 3-D lidar for collecting data to be used for work on sensor fusion and methods for detection of IED in the road, and especially for detection of "disturbed soil". Several IED objects were buried in a dirt road and the measurements were repeated on a few occasions over a 4-week period. Initial test with detection of directed fragmentation charges (DFC) has been made with the SWIR camera. Also, radar cross has been modeled on a typical DFC. The FOI system for distance detection of explosive traces, HLIN, developed into an eye-safe version, HLIN2. The method of optical Kerr gating, to suppress the influence of fluorescence, has been further developed. A database of detectable substances has been compiled and detection limits for the different subjects in the database have been studied. A study was also made of suitable laser wavelengths for detection of various substances. Finally, international collaboration is presented and knowledge transfer is reported.