Final report Environmental effects from underwater sounds

Authors:

  • Martin Garmelius
  • Andreas Nöjd
  • Mathias Andersson

Publish date: 2018-01-24

Report number: FOI-R--4516--SE

Pages: 35

Written in: Swedish

Keywords:

  • Active sonar
  • ship noise
  • underwater explosions
  • risk distance
  • fish
  • seal
  • harbour porpoise
  • environmental impact

Abstract

The purpose of the project has been to support the Swedish Armed Forces with an up to date knowledge base on how loud underwater sounds can affect fish, seals and harbour porpoises in Swedish waters, and how the scale of impact can be calculated and minimized. High levels of underwater noise can adversely affect marine animals. The goal of the project has been to compile a knowledge base on how the impact from some parts of noisy exercises, performed by the Swedish Armed Forces, affects fish, seals and harbour porpoises. This goal has been achieved through four technical reports and this final report. These reports are based upon literature studies, measurements of noise in the field, experiments and modelling. This final report summarizes the work in the project in four parts; impact from loud underwater sounds, risk of injury threshold levels, risk distance calculations for different sound sources including acoustic propagation, and risk management and mitigation. Finally, a methodology for risk distance calculations from active sonar and underwater detonations, which can be used by the Swedish Armed Forces, is presented in the appendix.