Lead is present in the gunpowder smoke from leaded ammunition and can cause serious effects on the central and peripheral nervous system, blood, kidneys, cardiovascular-, endocrine- and immune systems, gastrointestinal tract, and male and female reproduction. As the health effects of lead exposure increase, especially in lowdose exposure, proposals for new limit values for lead in blood have been proposed and in some cases introduced. At the same time, exposure and uptake of lead during standardized shooting exercises within the Swedish Armed Forces is poorly studied. Researchers from the Karolinska Institute, FOI and the Swedish Armed Forces Center for Defense Medicine have therefore recently conducted and published a risk assessment for lead exposure in connection with a standardized exercise for cadets within the Swedish Armed Forces. The risk assessment is summarized in the present report and compared with previously known studies on lead exposure levels among military personnel. Taken into accout the similar risk assessments from EFSA and the uncertainty about the existence of a level without adverse health effects, the conclusion made in the present report is that lead exposure should always be minimized during shooting exercises. Linked to the Swedish Armed Forces' goal of significantly increasing the proportion of female recruits, shooting exercises with fine-caliber ammunition indoors or in Urban Combat Training (UCT) should always be conducted with unleaded ammunition, unless participants can be fully protected from exposure to lead by other means.