Triage is used within medical care for prioritization and identification of time-critical patients when resources are limited due to the number of injured individuals. Generally, the patient assessment is based on predetermined criteria's. Following exposure to a toxic chemical agent, symptoms may appear rapidly at the incident scene, in particular following inhalation exposure. Therefore, a triage system should include parameters to enable early recognition of chemical exposures that result in appropriate medical decisions. Remote triage could be possible through estimation of vital signs from sensor data and performing symptom interpretation from images transmitted from the incident scene. Medically trained personnel, could therefore remotely perform the patient assessment and, as a result, avoid entering the contaminated area. The main purpose of this literature study is to assess the possibility of carrying out triage and differential diagnosis of chemically injured patients based on changes in critical vital signs, which also would provide a potential for development of remote triage systems. This would improve decision support tools for the need for skin decontamination and further medical management. In addition, the ability of using vital signs to differentiate intoxications from other physiological or psychological challenges was also included. The conclusions of the study were the following:  Different chemical agents display discrepancies in the pattern of vital signs, which could be used for differential diagnostics in a controlled healthcare environment for poisonings caused by an unknown chemical. However, this would be difficult at an incident scene where other causes for changes in vital signs could occur, for example psychological stress  The level of poison severity and the dynamic process during intoxications can result in significant variation in vital sign patterns, which complicates the possibility of performing remote triage  Based on the observed changes in vital sign patterns, differentiation of intoxications from other physiological or psychological conditions is complicated  Transmission of images from the incident scene is crucial to enable remote patient assessment as no absolute difference in changes of vital signs were observed between intoxications and other injury conditions  Oxygen saturation in blood is a possible biomarker for the severity of the intoxication