Resisting China's transnational repression

Authors:

  • Oscar Almén

Publish date: 2026-10-15

Report number: FOI-R--5980--SE

Pages: 61

Written in: English

Keywords:

  • China
  • diaspora
  • transnational repression
  • activism

Abstract

This study examines the experiences of the regime-critical diaspora members in Sweden who have been targets of China's transnational repression (TNR). Building on previous research on TNR, the study identifies a set of TNR methods commonly used by authoritarian regimes against their diaspora. The Chinese party-state uses all TNR methods to varying extents, from abductions to spying and harassment. Based on 16 interviews with critics of the Chinese regime in Sweden, the study found that several interviewees had experienced direct threats from Chinese authorities; however, the Chinese government seems to be careful when it comes to actions that can be directly attributed to it. Almost all interviewees described incidents of proxy punishment of relatives in China. The study also examined diaspora activism using Moss's typology of diaspora intervention. Three types of interventions, broadcasting, representing, and brokering, were widespread among the interviewees. Some interviewees have been successful in spreading information, lobbying Swedish and international politicians, and organising internationally.