This study is part of the Swedish Defence Research Agency's (FOI) support to the Swedish Armed Forces Joint Concept Development & Experimentation Centre (FMKE) and the development of the applied concept for Expeditionary operations. This study is an explorative desk study aimed at providing further contributions to the conceptual knowledge and development of expeditionary operations. The basis for this study is the remaining challenges described in earlier concepts for expeditionary operations and a synthesis with studies in different comprehensive approaches in Sweden and key international organizations. The study's results present such knowledge on command and control and coordination in the operational phases for preparation and execution. Contemporary operations often aim to attain (acceptable) conditions instead of neutralising an opponent's centre of gravity. However, if not a military "victory" but strategic "success", through attained conditions, corresponds to the goals of the grand strategy; the military instrument must adapt and harmonize with those actors and processes that produce the key effect in transforming the unacceptable conditions. Such a holistic approach with the military instrument greatly determines which threats must be countered on the battlefield and visualizes the limitations to what means and measures that are available when doing so. This study argues that civil-military coordination is a critical command and control need when seeking to attain strategic objectives beyond the reach of effects produced within the military instrument of power. Yet, civil-military coordination does not always mean civil-military interface or direct cooperation. Coordination can be achieved through command and control, direct civil-military interaction and cooperation or harmonization. Harmonization is achieved when own and interacting resources are coordinated and synchronized to deploy activities and an effort that produce a concerted effect together with the efforts of another non-interacting part, thus creating an harmonization of effort.